What is the primary function of a toner in skincare?

The primary function of a toner in skincare is to remove excess oil and tighten pores. Toners are typically used after cleansing the skin and before moisturizing. They help to balance the skin's pH after cleansing, which can sometimes be disrupted by the use of certain cleansers, especially those that are alkaline.

Additionally, toners often contain ingredients that can help remove residual dirt, makeup, and oil left on the skin after cleansing. This can be particularly beneficial for individuals with oily or acne-prone skin, as it can help reduce shine and minimize the appearance of pores, leading to a smoother skin texture. Overall, toners play a significant role in preparing the skin for further treatment and hydration by ensuring it is clean and refreshed.